Bernstein’s Candide Overture & “Glitter and Be Gay”

Leonard Bernstein had an extraordinary influence on twentieth-century American music. It is fitting that the Cheyenne Symphony Orchestra opens its 71st season, titled Celebrating America, in honor of the country’s 250th anniversary with two works from Bernstein’s operetta, Candide.

First performed in 1956, Candide is based on the 1759 French satire Candide or Optimism by Voltaire. The operetta has been compared to the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and Offenbach. It is a satirical comedy that follows the young and naïve Candide as he journeys around the world in search of his lost love, Cunegonde. Candide’s biggest challenge is overcoming the disillusionment of his youth and facing the reality that his world is not, in fact, “the best of all possible worlds.” Through various adventures, trials, and separations, Candide and Cunegonde learn to grieve and love.

Overture is a vibrant and popular orchestral piece that serves as a spirited introduction to the operetta. Known for its energetic tempo, varied melodies from the show, and clever musical wit, the overture is structured as a “sonata form” piece. In just four minutes, the Overture presents a witty, tender, exhilarating, and spectacularly colorful experience that is a true orchestral tour de force.

Another highlight of the concert will be Glitter and Be Gay, a comedic yet poignant aria sung by Cunegonde, performed by Christie Conover. In the aria, Cunegonde laments her forced situation as a kept woman in Paris while reveling in the material comforts, like jewels and champagne, that accompany her plight. The song showcases a range of emotions, from despair to delight, as Cunegonde grapples with her circumstances.

Composer Highlight:

Leonard Bernstein was more than just a conductor or composer; he was a cultural force who reshaped the landscape of American music. His legacy spans Broadway, classical concert halls, television, and political movements, making him one of the most influential and multifaceted musicians of the 20th century.

Leonard, officially named Louis, Bernstein was born on August 25, 1918, in Lawrence, Massachusetts, to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants. He legally changed his name to Leonard at age 16, though his family had always called him that. He passed away in 1990 in New York City.

Bernstein’s musical journey began when his Aunt Clara left a piano at his home, sparking a lifelong passion. He studied at Harvard University, graduating in 1939 with a thesis on the racial elements in American music. He continued his education studying conducting with Fritz Reiner and orchestration with Randall Thompson at the Curtis Institute of Music. His career breakthrough came in 1943 when he made his debut with the New York Philharmonic, stepping in last-minute for Bruno Walter. This performance was nationally broadcast and made front-page news.

From 1958 to 1969, Bernstein served as the Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, becoming the first American-born and -trained conductor to hold that position. He conducted Broadway musicals, religious works, and film scores. A passionate advocate for music education, Bernstein made classical music accessible to millions through his television program, Young People’s Concerts on CBS. He received 16 Grammy Awards, 7 Emmys, 2 Tonys, and the Kennedy Center Honor for his contributions.